READ MORE: The Queens of Egypt: Ancient Egyptian Queens in Order She was part of the Ptolemaic line of rulers, descended from Ptolemy I, the Macedonian general who’d served under Alexander the Great and founded the dynasty about 304 B.C.E. ![]() Cleopatra A bust of CleopatraĬleopatra VII, also called Cleopatra Theo Philopater (“father-loving goddess”), was born around 70 B.C.E., the daughter of Egyptian pharaoh Ptolemy XII. Pompey refused, and in January of 49 B.C.E., Julius Caesar crossed the shallow river called the Rubicon – the official border across which no army was to be brought – and set off the Roman civil war against Pompey in earnest and putting him on the path to his alliance with Cleopatra. The animosity between the two came to a head when Julius Caesar brought a legion to the very borders of the Roman Republic, threatening to invade Rome if Pompey did not agree to a compromise that disarmed both forces. ![]() During his tenure, he made a number of moves seemingly calculated to disadvantage the popular Julius Caesar and perhaps open him to prosecution. In 52 B.C.E., Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus, aka Pompey the Great, took advantage of rampant political violence to secure an unprecedented sole consulship. Here – on his own initiative – he spent the next eight years using the legions at his disposal to conquer Gaul, accumulating substantial wealth in the process. In the years that followed, he would rise through a number of offices and – after a stint as governor of Hispania Ulterior (the southern areas of modern-day Spain and Portugal) – Julius Caesar at last attained Rome’s highest elected office, consul, in 59 B.C.E.įollowing his consulship, Julius Caesar took another post as governor – this time in the province of Gallia Narbonensis, in southern France. when Sulla died and began his political career by establishing himself as a prosecuting advocate. Fortunately, his own family had many strong Sulla supporters, who intervened on his behalf and earned Julius Caesar a pardon and exile, which the young Roman spent in Asia Minor in the Roman Army. Having married into the family of Sulla’s chief rivals, Julius Caesar was on that enemies list. The Roman general Sulla seized control of the Republic – the first to do so by force – and mercilessly began divesting and executing his enemies – a process known as “proscription.” Just as Julius Caesar became head of his family (at the age of 16), Rome found itself in a civil war. Indeed, as it barred him from the immensely powerful office of tribune of the plebs, Caesar’s patrician heritage actually hindered his own political ambitions. – many of the old patrician families had gone extinct, and their political power was much diminished as compared to that of the plebs. Though his was a patrician family, that meant relatively little by the 1 st Century B.C.E. His father had been a praetor, or elected magistrate, of a wealthy province of modern-day Turkey, while his mother came from the influential Aurelia family which had produced a number of political leaders. in the sprawling Suburra neighborhood of Rome. Gaius Julius Caesar was born on July 12 th of 100 B.C.E. ![]() But who were they, and what in their individual stories set them on the path to their alliance? Julius Caesar A bust of Julius Caesar In their time, these two figures – both separately and through their partnership – made giant marks on their respective nations. ![]() Cleopatra was the last in a line of Greek rulers holding tenuous control over ancient Egypt. Julius Caesar was an ambitious and fearless ruler who heralded the end of the Roman Republic and became known (posthumously) as the first Roman Emperor. Who Were Julius Caesar and Cleopatra? Julius Caesar and Cleopatra by Carl Gottlieb Venig
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